Koloi e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea sejoale-joale, terekere le likoloi tse ling, ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse 'maloa tsa mabone - mabone.Bala ka hore na lebone la koloi ke eng, ke mefuta efe ea mabone a teng le hore na a hlophisitsoe joang, mokhoa oa ho khetha le ho sebetsa mabone a mefuta e sa tšoaneng - bala sehloohong sena.
Lebone la koloi ke eng?
Lebone la koloi ke sesebelisoa sa motlakase se khantšang, mohloli o khanyang oa maiketsetso oo matla a motlakase a fetoloang ho ba mahlaseli a khanyang ka tsela e 'ngoe kapa e' ngoe.
Mabone a koloi a sebelisoa ho rarolla mathata a 'maloa:
• Ho khantša tsela le libaka tse potolohileng lefifing kapa maemong a sa bonahaleng hantle (moholi, pula, sefefo sa lerole) - mabone a hlooho, mabone a moholi, mabone a patlo le mabone;
• Mabone a lemosang ka tšireletso mebileng - matšoao a tsela, mabone a mariki, mabone a khutlang, mabone a motšeare, a bonesang lipoleiti tsa morao-rao, mabone a ka morao a moholi;
• Alamo mabapi le boemo ba koloi, likarolo tsa eona le likopano - mabone a pontšo le a taolo ho dashboard;
• Mabone a ka hare - ka hare ho koloi, kamore ea enjene, phaposi ea thepa;
• Mabone a tšohanyetso - mabone a jereng ka thōko le tse ling;
• Tokiso le mekhoa ea morao-rao ea likoloi - mabone a mabone a khabisitsoeng.
Ho rarolla e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mathata ana, ho sebelisoa mabone le mehloli e meng ea leseli (LED) ea moralo le litšobotsi tse fapaneng.Ho etsa khetho e nepahetseng ea lebone, pele u lokela ho utloisisa mefuta ea bona e teng le likarolo.
Mefuta le litšobotsi tsa mabone a likoloi
Mabone a likoloi a ka aroloa ka mefuta le mefuta ho latela molao-motheo oa 'mele, litšobotsi le morero.
Ho ea ka molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso, mabone a arotsoe ka mefuta e latelang:
• Mabone a incandescent;
• Xenon khase ea ho ntša (arc, xenon-metal halide);
• Mabone a khantšang ka khase (neon le a tlatsitsoeng ka likhase tse ling tse sa sebetseng);
• Mabone a fluorescent;
• Mehloli ea leseli la semiconductor - li-LED.
E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mefuta e hlalositsoeng ea mabone e na le likarolo tsa eona tsa moralo le molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso.
Mabone a incandescent.Mohloli oa leseli ke khoele ea tungsten e futhumetseng mocheso o phahameng, e kentsoeng ka botlolo ea khalase.Li ka ba le li-filament tse le 'ngoe kapa tse peli (tse kopantsoeng mabone a tlaase le a phahameng), ho na le mefuta e meraro:
• Vacuum - moea o phunyeletsoa ka ntle ho botlolo, ka lebaka leo filament e sa oxidize ha e futhumala;
• Ho tlatsoa ka khase ea inert - naetrojene, argon kapa motsoako oa tsona o kenngoa ka har'a botlolo;
• Halogen - tleloubu e na le motsoako oa mouoane oa halogen oa iodine le bromine, e leng ho ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ea lebone le litšobotsi tsa lona.
Mabone a Vacuum kajeno a sebelisoa feela ka liphanele tsa lisebelisoa, ho khantša, joalo-joalo Mabone a bokahohle a tletseng likhase tse sa sebetseng a atile.Mabone a halogen a sebelisoa feela ka mabone a pele.
Mabone a Xenon.Tsena ke mabone a motlakase a arc, ho na le li-electrode tse peli ka tleloubu, pakeng tsa moo arc ea motlakase e tukang.Tleloubu e tletse khase ea xenon, e fanang ka litšobotsi tse hlokahalang tsa lebone.Ho na le mabone a xenon le a bi-xenon, a tšoana le mabone a nang le likhoele tse peli bakeng sa mabone a tlase le a phahameng.
Mabone a khantšitsoeng ka khase.Mabone ana a sebelisa bokhoni ba likhase tsa inert (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon) ho hlahisa leseli ha ho tsoa ha motlakase ho feta ho tsona.Mabone a neon a sebelisoang haholo ke lamunu, mabone a argon a fana ka khanya e pherese, mabone a krypton a fana ka khanya e putsoa.
Mabone a fluorescent.Ka har'a mabone ana, leseli le ntša seaparo se khethehileng ka hare ho tleloubu - phosphor.Ho roala hona hoa khanya ka lebaka la ho monngoa ha matla, ao ka mokhoa oa khanya ea ultraviolet e hlahisoang ke mouoane oa mercury ha ho tsoa ha motlakase ho feta ho bona.
Mabone a LED.Tsena ke lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor (light-emitting diodes) moo mahlaseli a optical a hlahang ka lebaka la liphello tsa quantum ho pn junction (ka nako ea ho kopana le li-semiconductors tsa thepa e fapaneng).LED, ho fapana le mehloli e meng e mengata ea leseli, e batla e le mohloli oa mahlaseli.
Mabone a mefuta e fapaneng a na le lisebelisoa tse itseng:
• Mabone a li-incandescent ke a mangata ka ho fetisisa, kajeno a sebelisoa bakeng sa mabone a hlooho, li-alarm, ka kamoreng, e le mabone a taolo le lipontšo ka li-dashboards, joalo-joalo;
• Xenon - feela ka leseli la hlooho;
• Leseli la khase - mabone a neon e le mabone a pontšo le a taolo (a sa sebelisoe hangata kajeno), li-tubes tsa neon le tse ling tsa khase bakeng sa mabone a khabisitsoeng;
• Fluorescent - e le salon (ka seoelo) le mehloli ea leseli e hōle bakeng sa maemo a tšohanyetso, ho lokisoa, joalo-joalo;
• Li-LED ke mehloli e khanyang ea bokahohle e sebelisoang kajeno maboneng a hlooho, bakeng sa pontšo ea leseli, joaloka mabone a letsatsi le letsatsi, ka lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa.
Mofuta oa lebone la LED H4
Mabone a koloi a na le litšobotsi tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa:
• Matla a phepelo - 6, 12 le 24 V, ka ho latellana bakeng sa lithuthuthu, likoloi le literaka;
• Matla a motlakase - matla a sebelisoang ke lebone hangata a tloha ho karolo ea leshome ea watt (mabone a lebone le taolo) ho ea ho mashome a 'maloa a li-watts (mabone a khanyang).Hangata, mabone a ho paka, mabone a brake le matšoao a tataiso a na le matla a li-watts tse 4-5, mabone a hlooho - ho tloha ho 35 ho isa ho 70 watts, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta (mabone a incandescent - 45-50 watts, mabone a halogen - 60-65 watts, xenon). mabone - ho fihlela ho 75 watts kapa ho feta;
• Khanya - matla a phallo e khanyang e entsoeng ke lebone a lekantsoe ka lumens (Lm).Mabone a tloaelehileng a incandescent a etsa hore ho be le khanya e khanyang ho fihlela ho 550-600 Lm, mabone a halogen a matla a tšoanang - 1300-2100 Lm, mabone a xenon - ho fihlela ho 3200 Lm, mabone a LED - 20-500 Lm;
• Mocheso oa 'mala ke tšobotsi ea' mala oa mahlaseli a lebone, a bontšitsoeng ka likhato Kelvin.Mabone a incandescent a na le mocheso oa mebala oa 2200-2800 K, mabone a halogen - 3000-3200 K, mabone a xenon - 4000-5000 K, mabone a LED - 4000-6000 K. Ha mocheso oa 'mala o phahame, lebone le bobebe.
Ka thoko, ho na le lihlopha tse peli tsa mabone ho latela mahlaseli a mahlaseli:
• Mabone a tloaelehileng - a na le tleloubu ea khalase e tloaelehileng, e hlahisoang ka bongata (libakeng tsa optical le tse haufi le ultraviolet le infrared);
• Ka filthara ea ultraviolet - e-ba le botlolo e entsoeng ka khalase ea quartz, e bolokang mahlaseli a kotsi.Mabone ana a sebelisoa ka mabone a pele a nang le diffuser e entsoeng ka polycarbonate kapa li-plastiki tse ling, tse lahleheloang ke litšoaneleho tsa tsona 'me li senngoa ke mahlaseli a UV.
Leha ho le joalo, litšobotsi tse ka holimo ha u khetha mabone ha li bohlokoa joaloka moqapi oa tsona le mofuta oa motheo, o lokelang ho boleloa ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane.
Mefuta ea likatiba, moralo le ts'ebeliso ea mabone a likoloi
Kajeno, ho sebelisoa mabone a nang le mefuta e mengata ea metheo, empa kaofela a arotsoe ka lihlopha tse peli tse kholo:
• Europe - mabone a entsoeng ho latela Molao oa UNECE No. 37, tekanyetso ena e boetse e amoheloa Russia (GOST R 41.37-99);
• Amerika - mabone a entsoeng ho latela melao ea NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration), mefuta e meng ea mabone e na le balekane ba Europe.
Ho sa tsotelehe sehlopha, mabone a ka ba le metheo ea mefuta e latelang:
• Flanged - setsi se na le flange e thibelang, khokahanyo ea motlakase e entsoe ka ho kopana le sephara;
• Pin - setsi se entsoe ka mokhoa oa senoelo sa tšepe se nang le lithapo tse peli kapa tse tharo bakeng sa ho lokisa ka har'a cartridge;
• Ka sekoahelo sa polasetiki (setsi sa likhutlo li tharo) - mabone a nang le flanged a nang le sokete ea polasetiki e nang le sehokelo se kopantsoeng.Sehokelo se ka ba ka lehlakoreng kapa ka tlase (coaxial);
• Ka setsi sa khalase - setsi ke karolo ea lebone la khalase, likhokahano tsa motlakase li rekisoa karolong ea eona e ka tlaase;
• Ka sekoahelo sa khalase le chuck ea polasetiki - sekontiri sa polasetiki se nang le sehokelo kapa se se nang sehokelo se teng ka lehlakoreng la cap (tabeng ena, li-contacts tse tsoang ho cap li feta likoti tsa chuck);
• Soffit (tse peli tse thehiloeng ho tse peli) - mabone a cylindrical a nang le metheo e teng qetellong, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea li-terminal ea spiral e na le motheo oa eona.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, mabone a nang le mefuta e fapaneng ea metheo a arotsoe ka lihlopha ho latela morero oa bona:
• Sehlopha sa 1 - ntle le lithibelo - mabone a tlaase le a phahameng, mabone a moholi, joalo-joalo Sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa mabone ohle a mefuta (lihlopha) H (e tloaelehileng haholo ke mofuta oa H4), HB, HI, HS, hammoho le mabone a mang a khethehileng. (S2 le S3 bakeng sa lithuthuthu le mopeds, le tse ling);
• Sehlopha sa 2 - mabone a lemosang, mabone a khannoang, mabone a khutlisetsang morao, mabone a ho paka, mabone a lipoleiti tsa likoloi, joalo-joalo. Sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa mabone a tšoailoeng C, HY, P, PR, PY, PR, PSR, PSY, R, T, W le ba bang ba bang;
• Sehlopha sa 3 - mabone a ho fetola lihlahisoa tse tšoanang likoloing tse khaotsoeng.Sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa mabone a R2 (a nang le tleloubu e chitja, e sebelisoang haholo likoloing tsa khale tsa malapeng), S1 le C21W;
• Xenon discharge mabone - sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa mabone a xenon a tšoailoeng D.
Mefuta ea likoloilebone
likhepisiHo sebetsa ha mefuta e ka sehloohong ea mabone a koloi
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea mabone a Sehlopha sa 1 a sebelisetsoang mabone a pele:
• Ka khoele e le 'ngoe (kapa arc e le' ngoe tabeng ea lebone la xenon) - e sebelisoang feela e le lebone le kolobisitsoeng kapa le phahameng.Lisebelisuoa tsa marang-rang tse fetang, filament e ka tlase e koahetsoe ke skrine e bōpehileng ka ho khetheha e le hore phallo e khanyang e lebisoe feela karolong e ka holimo ea lebone la hlooho;
• Ka li-filament tse peli - tse sebelisoang e le lebone le kolobisitsoeng le le phahameng.Ka har'a mabone ana, likhoele li arotsoe ka sebaka se itseng e le hore ha li kenngoa ka har'a lebone la hlooho, khoele e phahameng ea lebone e lebileng mohopolong oa sebonela-hōle, 'me khoele e kentsoeng ea lebone ha e sa tsepamisoa maikutlo,' me lesela le kolobisitsoeng le koetsoe. tlase skrineng.
Ho lokela ho hlokomeloa ka ho khetheha hore mofuta (sehlopha) sa lebone le mofuta oa setsi ha se ntho e le 'ngoe.Lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa mabone li fapane ka moralo 'me li ka' na tsa e-ba le motheo o tloaelehileng, mefuta e tloaelehileng ea metheo e bontšoa setšoantšong.
Khetho e nepahetseng le likarolo tsa ts'ebetso ea mabone a koloi
Ha u khetha mabone ka koloing, u lokela ho nahana ka mofuta oa lebone, mofuta oa motheo oa eona le litšobotsi tsa motlakase - phepelo ea motlakase le matla.Ho molemo ho reka mabone a nang le matšoao a tšoanang le a khale - ka tsela ena u tiisetsoa hore u tla fumana hantle seo u se hlokang.Haeba, ka lebaka le le leng, ho ke ke ha khoneha kapa ho lakatseha ho reka lebone le tšoanang hantle (mohlala, ha u fetola mabone a tloaelehileng a incandescent ka LED), joale mofuta oa motheo le litšobotsi tsa motlakase li lokela ho nkoa.
Ha u khetha mabone bakeng sa lebone la hlooho, u lokela ho ela hloko litlhahiso tsa moetsi oa koloi tse bontšitsoeng ho diffuser.Kahoo, bakeng sa li-diffuser tsa polasetiki ('me ho na le boholo ba tsona kajeno), u lokela ho reka mabone a nang le sefahla sa ultraviolet - hoo e batlang e le mabone a halogen a hlahisoa joalo.Hape, ho "diffuser" ho ka bontšoa letšoao la mabone a loketseng kapa mofuta oa bona o ka bontšoa (mohlala, "Halogen").Ho molemo ho reka mabone ka bobeli e le hore mabone ka bobeli a be le litšobotsi tse tšoanang.
Ha u reka mabone bakeng sa matšoao a tataiso le li-repeater, u lokela ho ela hloko 'mala oa li-diffuser tsa bona.Haeba diffuser e le pepeneneng, joale ho hlokahala hore u khethe mabone a nang le tleloubu ea seo ho thoeng ke 'mala o mosehla oa koloi (amber).Haeba diffuser e pentiloe, joale lebone le lokela ho ba le tleloubu e bonaletsang.Ho ke ke ha khoneha ho fetola mofuta o mong oa lebone ka o mong (mohlala, beha lebone la amber ho e-na le lebone le hlakileng kapa ka tsela e fapaneng), kaha li na le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea metheo 'me ha li fetohe.
Tlhokomelo e tlameha ho nkoa ha ho kenngoa mabone, haholo-holo mabone a hlooho.U ka nka lebone feela ka setsi kapa sebelisa liatlana tse hloekileng.Masala a mafura a menoana le litšila holim'a tleloubu a lebisa liphellong tse mpe - mohlala oa mahlaseli a lebone le litšoaneleho li tlōloa, 'me ka lebaka la ho futhumatsa ho sa tšoaneng, lebone le ka senya le ho hlōleha ka mor'a lihora tse seng kae tsa ts'ebetso.
Ka khetho e nepahetseng le ho nkeloa sebaka ha mabone, koloi e tla finyella litlhoko tsa litekanyetso le ho fana ka ts'ebetso e ntle maemong a sa tšoaneng.
Nako ea poso: Aug-21-2023